Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a serious and often fatal viral disease in cats caused by a mutation of the feline coronavirus (FCoV). While many cats carry feline coronavirus without illness, a small percentage develop FIP.
How FIP Develops
The feline coronavirus usually infects the intestinal tract. In some cats, the virus mutates and triggers an abnormal immune response, leading to widespread inflammation affecting organs such as the abdomen, chest, brain, eyes, and kidneys.
Types of FIP
- Wet (Effusive) FIP: Characterized by fluid accumulation in the abdomen or chest, causing swelling and breathing difficulty.
- Dry (Non-effusive) FIP: Causes inflammatory lesions in organs, leading to weight loss, neurological signs, or eye problems.
Common Symptoms
- Persistent fever unresponsive to antibiotics
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Lethargy and weakness
- Abdominal distension or breathing difficulty
- Neurological signs (seizures, imbalance)
- Eye inflammation
Transmission
Feline coronavirus spreads through feces, shared litter boxes, food bowls, and close contact. FIP itself is not directly contagious, but the underlying coronavirus is.
Diagnosis
There is no single definitive test for FIP. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs, blood tests, imaging, fluid analysis, and ruling out other diseases.
Treatment Options
Historically, FIP was considered fatal. However, antiviral medications such as GS-441524 have shown promising results under veterinary supervision. Supportive care includes fluids, nutrition, and anti-inflammatory medications.
Prevention
- Maintain clean litter boxes
- Reduce overcrowding in multi-cat households
- Isolate infected cats when possible
- Support overall immune health
If your cat shows persistent fever, weight loss, or abdominal swelling, seek veterinary care immediately.